Mac Easy 2010 May/Mac Life Ubuntu.iso/casper/filesystem.squashfs/usr/share/gnome/help/keeping-safe/zh_CN/keeping-safe.xml

Extensible Markup Language | 2009-04-28 | 47.6 KB | 602 lines

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<!ENTITY cc-disclaimer-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/disclaimer-popup?lang=en">
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<!ENTITY % gnome-menus-C SYSTEM "../../libs/gnome-menus-C.ent">
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]>
<article id="keeping-safe" status="review" lang="zh_CN">
    <articleinfo>
    <title>保持您的计算机安全</title>

    <legalnotice id="legal">
        <title>荣誉与授权许可</title>
        <para>此文档由 Ubuntu 文档小组维护 (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam)。贡献者的列表位于<ulink url="../../libs/C/contributors.xml">贡献者页面</ulink></para>
        <para>本文档在 Creative Commons ShareAlike 2.5 授权许可 (CC-BY-SA) 的条款下发布。</para>
        <para>您可以在该许可的条款下自由地修改、扩展，以及改进本 Ubuntu 文档的源码。所有的衍生作品必须在本许可下发布。</para>
        <para>发布本文档是希望它有所用途，但不提供任何担保；甚至如免责声明中所说那样对特定目标的适销性或适用性也不提供任何隐性的担保。</para>
        <para>许可证的副本位于：<ulink url="/usr/share/ubuntu-docs/libs/C/ccbysa.xml">Creative Commons ShareAlike License</ulink>。</para>
    </legalnotice>
<copyright>
    <year>2008</year>
    <holder>Canonical 公司和 <ulink url="https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-core-doc">Ubuntu 文档项目</ulink> 的成员</holder>
</copyright>
<publisher>
    <publishername>Ubuntu 文档项目</publishername>
</publisher>

    </articleinfo>
    <para>这一节描述如何保持您的电脑远离安装威胁。</para>
        <sect1 id="passwords" status="new">
            <title>密码</title>
            <para>安全地保存你的密码。如果你想改变它，你可以打开 <application>关于我</application> (<menuchoice><guimenu>系统</guimenu><guimenuitem>首选项</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>关于我</guimenuitem></menuchoice>) 然后点击 <guibutton>改变密码</guibutton>。</para>
            <para>可以自动登录Ubuntu。</para>
            <warning>
                <para>Automatic login is highly discouraged because it provides less security for your
                system. Also take care when in the Login Settings application as there are options
                which may prevent Ubuntu from logging in or starting properly.</para>
            </warning>
            <orderedlist>
                <listitem><para>打开<menuchoice><guimenu>系统</guimenu><guimenuitem>系统管理</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>登录窗口</guimenuitem></menuchoice>。</para></listitem>
                <listitem><para>您会被提示输入密码。</para></listitem>
                <listitem><para>点击<guilabel>安全</guilabel>。</para></listitem>
                <listitem><para>勾选<guilabel>启用自动登录</guilabel>。</para></listitem>
                <listitem><para>从下拉列表中选择一个进行登录的<guilabel>用户</guilabel>。</para></listitem>
                <listitem><para>点击<guibutton>关闭</guibutton>。</para></listitem>
                <listitem><para>在下次启动时将会应用改变。</para></listitem>
            </orderedlist>
        </sect1>
        <sect1 id="users" status="review">
            <title>为每个用户建立独立的账户</title>
            <para>Ubuntu默认一个用户使用.如果更多用户需要使用这台计算机,建议每人使用独立的账户. 这样他们都可以拥有独自的设置,文档及其它文件. 如果必要,所有文件可设定为对其它用户保密(除了管理员).</para>
            <para>要设立一个用户帐户，选择 <menuchoice><guimenu>系统</guimenu><guimenuitem>系统管理</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>用户和组</guimenuitem></menuchoice>。要做这些，你必须是一个 <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:administrative">管理员</ulink>。</para>
            <para>查看 <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:users-admin">用户管理工具手册</ulink> 来获得更多设定用户帐户的信息。</para>
        </sect1>
        <sect1 id="updates" status="review">
            <title>使你的软件是最新的。</title>
            <para>Ubuntu 开发者常常发布 Ubuntu 软件的升级。这些升级会提升安全性或者是修补其它问题。</para>
            <para>当有可用的升级时，升级按钮 (一个桔红色的星星) 将在面板上显示，通常是在屏幕的右上角。要安装升级你必须是一个 <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:administrative">管理者</ulink> 并且这个电脑必须连在互联网上。</para>
            <procedure>
                <step>
                    <para>点击升级按钮，然后当被问到时输入你的密码。</para>
                </step>
                <step>
                    <para>在升级管理窗口，点击 <guibutton>安装升级</guibutton>。</para>
                </step>
            </procedure>
            <para>如果有很多升级需要被安装的话，这个升级过程将会持续一段时间。</para>
            <para>假如更新结束后有一对蓝色箭头在面板上出现,您需要重启计算机完成安装步骤.</para>
            <para>要自己检查更新，选择 <menuchoice><guimenu>系统</guimenu><guimenuitem>系统管理</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>升级管理</guimenuitem></menuchoice> 然后按下 <guibutton>检查</guibutton>。</para>
            <para>要改变 Ubuntu 多长时间检查更新，或者设定更新自动安装或者自动下载，选择 <menuchoice><guimenu>系统</guimenu><guimenuitem>系统管理</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>软件源</guimenuitem></menuchoice>，然后 <guilabel>升级</guilabel>。</para>
        </sect1>
  <sect1 id="lock-screen" status="review">
    <title>离开时锁定您的屏幕</title>
    <para>锁定您的屏幕能防止其它人在您不在时访问您的计算机。在屏幕被锁定时您所有的应用程序和工作都保持打开，并显示屏幕保护程序。</para>
    <para>您可以通过下列方式中的某一种来锁定您的屏幕：</para>
    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
    <para>点击<menuchoice><guimenu>系统</guimenu><guimenuitem>锁住屏幕</guimenuitem></menuchoice>。</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
    <para>按下 <keycombo><keycap>Control</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>L</keycap></keycombo> 来锁定屏幕。该键盘快捷键可以在 <menuchoice><guimenu>系统</guimenu><guimenuitem>首选项</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>键盘快捷键</guimenuitem></menuchoice> 中更改。</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
    <note><para>您可以向面板中添加一个 <guibutton>锁定屏幕</guibutton> 按钮来方便操作。右击一个面板 (例如在屏幕上方的面板)，选择 <guibutton>添加到面板...</guibutton> 并将 <guibutton>锁定屏幕</guibutton> 项目拖曳到想要的位置。</para></note>
            <para>要解锁屏幕，移动鼠标或按一下键盘，然后输入您的密码，按<keycap>回车</keycap>键或点击<guibutton>解锁</guibutton>按钮。</para>
            <para>如果屏幕被锁定，并且在您的计算机上有不止一个人的用户帐号，则其他的用户可以在屏幕被锁定的情况下按下 <guibutton>切换用户...</guibutton> 按钮来使用计算机。他们将不能访问您当前打开的文件，而当他们使用完该计算机后，您可以切换回您那被锁定的会话。</para>
        </sect1>
        <sect1 id="firewall" status="review">
            <title>设置防火墙</title>
            <para>您可以选择安装一个防火墙来保护您的计算机免受因特网上或是您的网络中的人们的非授权访问。防火墙能阻止从未知来源到您计算机的连接，这能帮助防止安全事故。</para>
            <procedure>
                <step>
                    <para><ulink url="apt:firestarter">Install the <application>firestarter</application> package</ulink> from the <quote>Universe</quote> repository.</para>
                </step>
                <step>
                    <para>要启动 <application>Firestarter</application>，选择 <menuchoice><guimenu>系统</guimenu><guimenuitem>系统管理</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Firestarter</guimenuitem></menuchoice>，然后在提示时输入你的管理员密码。</para>
                </step>
                <step>
                    <para><application>防火墙向导</application> 应当会运行。如果没有运行的话，请按下 <menuchoice><guimenu>防火墙</guimenu><guimenuitem>运行向导</guimenuitem></menuchoice>。</para>
                </step>
                <step>
                    <para>按照 <application>防火墙向导</application> 中的步骤执行。在完成所有这些步骤后，防火墙就应当被配置好并开始运行了。</para>
                </step>
                <step>
                    <para>要想检查您的放火墙是否正常工作，您可以使用一些在线的防火墙测试服务如 <ulink url="http://www.grc.com/">ShieldsUP</ulink>。</para>
                </step>
            </procedure>
            <para>关于 <application>Firestarter</application> 高级配置的帮助和建议，请参见 <ulink url="http://www.fs-security.com/docs.php">Firestarter 在线手册</ulink>。</para>
            <para>更多高级用户也许希望使用 UFW 防火墙，它是默认安装的。参阅 <ulink type="help" url="man:ufw">UFW 手册</ulink> 来获得更多信息。</para>

        </sect1>
        <sect1 id="avoid-internet-crime" status="review">
            <title>避开互联网恶行和犯罪</title>
                <para>有时您可能会收到带有病毒或是含有欺诈网站链接的电子邮件。这类邮件很常见，学会如何处理它们很重要，以防止您的计算机或您的个人资料受到危害或是被滥用。</para>
                <para>这些消息通常都是由完全陌生的人发送的。然而有时候这样的邮件看上去也会像是从您认识的人那里来的，而实际上却不是这样。这是因为电子邮件中的发送人地址是可以伪造的。</para>
                <para>不请自来的邮件通常可以分为以下几类：</para>
                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem><para>垃圾邮件，提供不需要的服务和产品</para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>诈钱邮件，假装请求帮忙换开大量钱币</para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>钓鱼邮件，假装来自银行或其他在线服务，向您索要个人信息和财政资料，或是密码。</para></listitem>
                </itemizedlist>

                <para>以下是一些在网上保持安全的建议：</para>

                <itemizedlist>
                <listitem><para>您应当永远不要回复这类邮件，甚至是点击邮件中的链接。否则通常会导致更多的垃圾邮件向您发送过来。</para></listitem>
                <listitem><para>决不要点击邮件中那些指向要求您输入密码或是类似东西的网站的链接。有可能链接的文本是一个网站，而实际上它打开的是另一个 (可能有危险的) 网站。因此，请您自己在 web 浏览器中输入链接地址来开始操作。</para></listitem>
                <listitem><para>如果一个网站要求您的财政资料，请确保这个网站是安全的。在 <application>Firefox Web 浏览器</application> 中，安全网站的地址栏是 <emphasis>黄色</emphasis> 的，并且在地址的右边有一个挂锁的图标。点击挂锁图标可以看到关于该网站的更多安全信息。</para></listitem>
                <listitem><para>只从您信任的来源下载和运行软件。默认情况下您只能从 Ubuntu 直接下载软件。</para></listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
        </sect1>
        <sect1 id="backup-files" status="review">
            <title>备份您的文件</title>
                <para>您有时可能会遇到的问题是，因为种种原因您的文件或是设置的一部分意外丢失了。这类 <emphasis>数据丢失</emphasis> 的原因是多样的；可能是断电或是意外删除文件等。因此强烈建议您定期备份您的重要文件，这样当您真的遇到问题时，您就不会丢失这些文件。</para>

                <para>将文件的备份存储在您计算机以外的地方是很明智的；也就是说，您需要使用某些不是永久连接到您计算机上的文件存储形式。选项包括：</para>
                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem><para>可写 CD 和 DVD</para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>外部硬盘和闪存设备</para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>网络上的另一台电脑</para></listitem>
                </itemizedlist>

                <para>备份您的文件的一种简单方式是通过 <application>文件浏览器</application> 将它们手工复制到一个安全的地方 (见上述)。</para>
                <para>或者您可以使用一个专门的备份应用程序，例如 <application>HUBackup</application>：</para>

                <procedure>
                <step>
                    <para><ulink url="apt:hubackup">Install the <application>hubackup</application> package</ulink> from the <quote>Universe</quote> repository.</para>
                </step>
                <step>
                    <para>要创建备份，按下 <menuchoice><guimenu>系统</guimenu><guisubmenu>系统管理</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Home User Backup</guimenuitem></menuchoice>。</para>
                </step>
                <step>
                    <para>选择您想要备份的文件并选择一个您想保存备份的地方。如果您有一台 CD 或是 DVD 刻录机的话，它应当会出现在此列表中。</para>
                </step>
                <step>
                    <para>按下 <guibutton>Backup</guibutton> 后按照屏幕上的指示进行。</para>
                </step>
            </procedure>
            <para>为了恢复一个使用 <application>HUBackup</application> 创建的备份，点击 <menuchoice><guimenu>系统</guimenu><guisubmenu>系统管理</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>主用户恢复</guimenuitem></menuchoice> 并且按照屏幕上的介绍做。</para>

                <para>以下给出一些如何执行好备份的一般建议：</para>
                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem><para>定期备份</para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>总是在您执行完备份后测试它们，来确保备份制作的正确性。</para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para>清晰标注您的备份，并将它们放在一个安全的地方</para></listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
        </sect1>
</article>